What's Movements
Normally the optical axis of the lens is perpendicular to the emulsion face of the film.
Movements, which consists of rise, fall, shift, swing and tilt, are the mechanism that dislocates the front unit or the back unit to get a variety of creative effections on the picture. By this, the vertical relation between the optical axis of the lens and the emulsion face of the film is broken.
Tilt and Swing break parallel relation between the front unit and the back unit, and Rise, Fall and Shift move either or both front unit or back unit still keeping paralle ralation between them.

Camera in the normal position.


Move the front or back unit with keeping them parallel

Rise / Fall

Rise is the state that the front unit is set higher along the arm than the back unit as the two are kept in parallel, and Fall is the front is set lower than the back in the same condition.
Rise is often used for architectural photography to correct distortion of buildings or exaggerate their height. Also it's available to get an effect on high mountain, or whatever it may be, as if rising up.
Fall is used on photography from higher spot than the subject's. (The same effect can be got when the base is tilted down and both units are set vertically in the normal position.)

View on the camera top.		 Shift

Shift is the state that the one of the units is moved either side horizontally.
This is also called "Slide" (I have no idea if this is only in Japan or not.) and used to modify composition, or escape from the object that isn't needed for the picture. Also, it can be used to take panoramic photography.


Move the front or back unit keeping them parallel

Tilt

Tilt is the state that the one of the units is tilted up or down.
This is used to correct vertical line's distortion or adjust depth of focus without a small aperture to get pan-focus image.

View on the camera top.		 Swing

Swing is the state that the one of the units is swung either side. It's called "front swing" when the front unit is swung, and "Back swing" when the back unit is.
This can adjust focus on subject on the cross, modify distorted shape of subject, or exaggerate the distance to subject.



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